段凯扬,从事各种国际工程项目的焊接技术及检验工作,利丰海洋工程(天津)有限公司,通讯地址:河北省秦皇岛市海港区翠鸟天成4-2-202号 邮编066000
摘要:焊材通过AWS和RCCM,BS EN 、ISO、JIS 系列标准对比,结果发现焊材储存标准方面中外区别很明显,即:美国AWS系列标准都清晰的规定焊材储存条件,而欧洲系国际标准基本上都规定焊材储存条件一律遵守焊材制造厂家的相关规定;并发现国外典型的焊材厂家会有很细致和专业的规定,而国内焊材厂家基本不提出比JB/T 3223更细致严格的规定。现场焊条储存温度失控导致焊条受潮以及再烘干堆叠层数失控均有发生。建议JB/T 3223或类似标准更新时,不可把焊材管理责任推给焊材制造商,并且应改进温度/相对湿度参数及再烘干堆叠层数一类细节。
关键词:焊材储存、焊条、温度范围、相对湿度、再烘干堆叠层数; Comparison between Chinese and foreign standards on the provisions of welding material storage and re-drying DUAN Kai-yangQinhuangdao Flow-deep Engineering Co. ltd., Qinhuangdao 066000, China Abstract: Think about storage of covered electrodes and re-drying in the Chinese standard JB/T 3223-1996, all covered electrodes are sensitive to moisture, and it link to the relative humidity and temperature control, without temperature range will lead to moisture, and same time, the electrodes should be placed into an oven with no more than three layers on top of each other for re-drying. Compared with AWS and BS EN 、ISO、JIS standards, European area all leave the detail to manufacture, but AWS give detail to follow, and in China now, manufacture doesn’t do anything out of JB/T 3223-1996, and on site, some issues happen due to these detail lost control. Conclusion: JB/T new revision or relevant standards shouldn’t leave all details to manufacture and it should add more detail to such as relevant humidity control with temperature range and re-drying control the electrodes lays no more than 4 etc.Keyword:welding consumable storage、covered electrodes、relative humidity、temperature range、layers of electrodes when re-drying; 概况:JB/T 3223-1996是一部影响深远的标准,国内各个焊接行业,焊材保管基本都是依照这个标准在执行。该标准取代了JB 3223-1983[2],参照RCCM标准修改焊材储存湿度不超过相对湿度90%的规定改进为60%, 在当时可以说是先进的,但是时过境迁,国际上对于焊材管理的认识有了很大进步,这个20多年前的标准也需要更新技术与时代合拍,然而新版的JB/T 3223-2017[3]并没有改进焊材储存温度没有上限的“硬伤”与再烘干方面的信息不足。以下就储存与再烘干的角度抛砖引玉提出个人的思考。对于焊材储存与再烘干的标准,国际上大致分为两个流派,一派是以美国AWS系列标准为代表,给出清晰、明确的储存条件和再烘干细节要求,不区分焊材品牌统一要求;另一派是以ISO、BS EN系列标准为代表,不提出任何具体技术要求,焊材用户执行焊材制造商的推荐参数。1 各种国际标准对于焊材储存及再烘干的要求对比:
(1)很多欧洲系国际标准近年来都有一种倾向,把焊材管理的细节留给焊材制造商,标准中不再做任何细节规定,表1则是规定“焊材储存及处理由制造商负责”的典型标准表1规定“焊材储存及处理由制造商负责”的部分标准
序号标准是否规定焊材储存及处理由制造商负责备注1AD 2000-Merkblatt HP 1 [4]是德国压力容器标准,焊材管理规定遵照BS EN 11012BS EN 1101-1:2009[5]是英国及欧盟标准3BS EN 1090-2:2018[6]是英国及欧盟标准4BS EN 13445-4:2014+A1:2016[7]是条款7.5条还特别强调这个要求对于烘干极其重要5EN 15085-4:2007 [8]是欧盟标准6ISO/TR 17671-1:2002 [9]是欧盟标准,与BS EN 1101-1等同7JIS Z 3400:1999 [10]是日本焊接标准8RCC-M-Edition 2007 Section IV[11]是法国核电标准JB/T 3223-1996非等效采用此标准旧版(2)美国AWS标准体系对于焊材的储存与烘干有细节的规定与欧洲系标准要求的风格不同,美国AWS系列标准对焊材管理有详细规定,(由于焊材的储存与烘干要求最典型、最严格的就是焊条,故本文以下均以焊条为典型进行分析)有代表性的如AWS D1.1和AWS PHB-7、AWS A5.5 、AWS STD UGFM,以下分别叙述。1.1 AWS D1.1对于焊材储存湿度控制原理给出了详细而专业的描述AWS D.1-D1.1M-2015《钢结构焊接》 [12]附录F插图“温度-湿度曲线图结合试验用以确定低氢焊条在大气中暴露时间”,指出了空气含水量在不同温度时对应的湿度是不同的,也指出了焊材储存的温度与湿度是联合控制的,反衬出JB/T 3223-1996中只规定储存相对湿度最大60%,却没有规定储存的温度范围是不能保证焊材品质的。参见图1(图片中右侧读数“30与40”上下颠倒,附上原图说明情况)。
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